城市桥梁清水混凝土的研究与应用

本文通过对城市桥梁清水混凝土的研究,探讨了清水混凝土配制的措施,提出了利用振动粘度系数控制桥梁清水混凝土工作性的方法,并在工程应用中取得了良好的效果。     

双子季铵盐改善聚羧酸减水剂对黏土的敏感性能

针对黏土对含聚羧酸系减水剂水泥浆体流变性能的负面影响,以三乙胺分别与1,4-二溴丁烷、1,5-二溴戊烷和对二溴苄反应合成了3种阳离子双子季铵盐(分别标记为KN1,KN2和KN3),并将其与聚羧酸盐减水剂RS-1复配.KN1,KN2和KN3的分子结构采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)测试和证实.双子季铵盐和减水剂复配体系的抗泥效果通过测定水泥净浆流动度进行评价.同时,综合运用X射线衍射(XRD)、水接触角和总有机碳(TOC)等表征手段,考察了双子季铵盐和减水剂复配体系对水泥分散、亲疏水性和吸附性能的影响.结果表明:当蒙脱土的含量为3%(质量分数)时,KN1,KN2和KN3均可显著提高水泥净浆的流动度,并能保持良好的稳定性,且KN3表现出更优异的抗泥性能.     

聚羧酸系减水剂的缓释效应及机理

通过水溶液自由基聚合法,利用丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸和马来酸酐取代部分丙烯酸合成了含有不同官能团的聚羧酸系减水剂.通过测试水泥净浆流动度、减水剂在水泥净浆中的吸附量和水解行为,研究了官能团对减水剂缓释效应的影响机理.结果表明:含4种官能团的聚羧酸系减水剂对水泥净浆经时流动性均有不同程度的增强...     

质子低场核磁共振技术表征建筑石膏水化进程

基于溶解-析晶理论，根据X射线衍射和热重分析结果，将建筑石膏的水化进程划为4个水化阶段，并利用质子低场核磁共振技术研究了不同水膏比m_W/m_G和聚羧酸系减水剂(PCE)掺量下，新拌浆体横向弛豫时间T₂分布、T₂加权平均值■与主峰峰面积S_main随水化时间的变化规律.结果表明：■和S_main的变化趋势与水化阶段均具有良好的相关性；增大m_W/m_G可以使建筑石膏水化阶段出现的时间提前，而掺加PCE则对建筑石膏有明显的缓凝作用.     

徐放型聚羧酸系减水剂的合成研究

通过合成的聚乙二醇马来酸半酯大单体(PMAn)取代部分烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(XPEG)进行共聚反应,得到了徐放型聚羧酸系高性能减水剂。合成影响因素的研究结果表明,当PMAn分子量为750且PMAn取代XPEG的比例为20%时,减水剂的减水率和保坍能力最好。红外光谱分析结果表明,合成的减水剂未聚合的单体残留很少;采用合成的减水剂配制的混凝土具有突出的坍落度保持能力。     

Effect of chain transfer agents in polycarboxylate superplasticizer on slump-retention of concrete

Two types of slump-retention polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PC-M and PC-S) were synthesized by using 3-mercaptopropionic acid or sodium hypophosphite as chain transfer agents, the effects of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on slump-retention of cement and concrete were investigated, and the mechanism of action and the structure of polycarboxylate superplasticizers were investigated by using conductivity, complexing Ca²⁺ concentration, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), and nuclear magnetic resonance phosphorus spectroscopy (³¹P-NMR). The results indicated that the slump flow of cement paste mixed with PC-M was increased quickly within 60 min and then lost gradually, while PC-S increased slowly and evenly within 240 min. The slump flow of concrete mixed with PC-S reached 405 mm after 150 min, but the concrete mixed with PC-M was almost no fluidity after 150 min. The conductivity of the PC-M aqueous solution decreased quickly within 45 min, then slowly decreased, while the conductivity of the PC-S aqueous solution decreased slowly within 180 min. PC-M had a much greater complexation ability of Ca²⁺ than PC-S. The composition and structure of the two slump-retention polycarboxylate superplasticizers were altered by different chain transfer agents, and the hydrolysis-adsorption capacity of each component was different. The rate of hydrolyzation-adsorption of each component was PC-M₃ ≈ PC-S₃>PC-M₁>PC-M₂ ≈ PC-S₁>PC-S₂. The faster the adsorption rate, the faster the slump flow loss of concrete.     

聚羧酸减水剂对水泥基饰面砂浆泛碱性能的影响

研究了聚羧酸减水剂及其掺量变化对水泥基饰面砂浆泛碱性能的影响规律.结果表明：聚羧酸减水剂能显著降低饰面砂浆初次泛碱面积和二次泛碱面积，其掺量大于0.6%后，饰面砂浆基本无泛碱现象；掺加聚羧酸减水剂后，饰面砂浆总孔隙率降低，表面孔隙数量和内部孔隙率减小，毛细孔吸水量下降，连通孔隙减少，抑制了饰面砂浆的表面泛碱现象.